Notes

CHAPTER 1

1 Randolph Edmonds, “Not Many of Your People Come Here,” the Messenger.

2 Liner Notes, “The Sound of Harlem,” Jazz Odyssey, Vol. Ill, Columbia Archive Series.

3 “Operas and Cabarets,” the Messenger.

4 Leonard Sillman, Here Lies Leonard Sillman, p, 96.

5 Langston Hughes, The Big Sea, p. 225.

6 Alain Locke and Bernard Stern, eds. When Peoples Meet: A Study in Race and Culture Contrasts, p. 345.

7 Rudolph Fisher, “The Caucasian Storms Harlem,” American Mercury.

8 Edmonds, p. 57.

9 Hendrik De Leeuw, Sinful Cities of the Western World, pp. 261-63.

CHAPTER 2

1 Jimmy Durante and Jack Kofoed, Night Clubs, p. 114.

2 Ibid, p. 115.

3 Edward Jablonski, Harold Arlen: Happy with the Blues, p. 35.

CHAPTER 3

1 Duke Ellington, Music Is My Mistress, pp, 75-76.

2 Douglas Watt, “Some Friendly Hoods; Met on a Ballet Kick,” New York Daily News (March 17, 1959).

3 Emory Lewis, “Her Words Are Legend,” Jersey Record (May 27, 1973).

4 Stanley Dance, The World of Duke Ellington, p, 67.

5 Barry Ulanov, Duke Ellington, p. 114.

6 Robert Sylvester, No Cover Charge: A Backward Look at the Night Clubs, p. 55.

7 Ibid, p. 51.

8 Ibid, p. 50.

9 Ibid, p. 45.

CHAPTER 4

1 Mezz Mezzrow and Bernard Wolfe, Really the Blues, p. 212.

2 lnterview with Cab Calloway.

3 “The Carnation Kid, ” Downbeat (January 15, 1947).

4 Newspaper clipping, no date, Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts Library.

5 Adam Clayton Powell, Jr., Adam by Adam, p, 222.

6 Sylvester, No Cover Charge, p. 63.

7 Jablonski, Harold Arlen, p. 68.

CHAPTER 5

1 Ethel Waters with Charles Samuels, His Eye Is on the Sparrow, p. 219.

2 Ibid, p. 220.

3 Jablonski, Harold Arlen, p. 76.

4 Lena Horne and Richard Schickel, Lena, pp. 47-48.

5 Ibid, pp. 48-49.

CHAPTER 6

1 Louis Sobol, The Longest Street, p. 54.

2 Helen Arstein and Carlton Moss, eds., In Person—Lena Horne. pp. 50-51.

3 Ibid, pp. 46-47.

4 Adam Clayton Powell, Jr., “Sharecroppers,” Amsterdam News (November 17, 1936).

5 Hughes, The Big Sea, p. 335.

CHAPTER 7

1 Sobol, The Longest Street, p. 81.

2 Newspaper clipping, no date, Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts Library.

3 Ulanov, Duke Ellington, pp. 188-89.

CHAPTER 8

1 Newspaper clipping, no date, Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts Library.

2 Newspaper clipping, no date, Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts Library.

3 Ibid.

4 Dorothy Dandridge and Earl Conrad, Everything and Nothing: The Dorothy Dandridge Tragedy, p. 44.

5 Ibid, p. 45.

6 Ibid, p. 43.

7 Ibid, p. 46.

8 Ibid, pp. 42-43.

CHAPTER 9

1 Ulanov, Duke Ellington, p. 207.

2 Newspaper clipping, no date, Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts Library.

3 Newspaper clipping, no date, Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts Library.